Overview

	The Brothers Grimm--Jacob Ludwig Karl Grimm (1785–1863) and Wilhelm Carl Grimm (1786–1859)--were Hessian academics, philologists, cultural researchers, lexicographers, and authors who together collected and published folklore during the 19th century. They were among the first and best-known collectors of German and European folk tales, and popularized traditional oral tale types such as "Cinderella" ("Aschenputtel"), "The Frog Prince" ("Der Froschkönig"), "The Goose-Girl" ("Die Gänsemagd"), "Hansel and Gretel" ("Hänsel und Gretel"), "Rapunzel", "Little Red Riding Hood" ("Kleine Rotkäppchen"), "The Wolf and the Seven Young Goats" ("Der Wolf und die Sieben Geißlein"), "Rumpelstiltskin" ("Rumpelstilzchen"), "Sleeping Beauty" ("Dornröschen"), and "Snow White" ("Schneewittchen"). Their classic collection, Children's and Household Tales (Kinder- und Hausmärchen), was published in two volumes—the first in 1812 and the second in 1815.  
	The brothers were born in Hanau in Hesse-Cassel (now Germany) and spent most of their childhood in the nearby town of Steinau. Their father's death in 1796 impoverished the family and affected the brothers for many years after. They attended the University of Marburg, where they began a lifelong dedication to research the early history of German language and literature, including German folktales. The rise of Romanticism during the 18th century had revived interest in traditional folk stories, which to the Grimms and their colleagues represented a pure form of national literature and culture. The Brothers Grimm established a methodology for collecting and recording folk stories that became the basis for folklore studies. Between the first edition of 1812–1815 and the seventh (and final) edition of 1857, they revised their collection many times so that it grew from 86 stories to more than 200. In addition to collecting and editing folk tales, the brothers compiled German legends. Individually, they published a large body of linguistic and literary scholarship. Together, in 1838, they began work on a massive historical German dictionary (Deutsches Wörterbuch) which, in their lifetimes, they completed only as far as the word Frucht ('fruit').
	Many of the Grimms' folk tales have enjoyed enduring popularity. The tales are available in more than 100 languages and have been adapted by filmmakers including Lotte Reiniger and Walt Disney, with films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Sleeping Beauty. During the 1930s and 40s, the tales were used as propaganda by the Third Reich; later in the 20th century, psychologists such as Bruno Bettelheim reaffirmed the value of the work, despite the cruelty and violence in original versions of some of the tales (which the Grimms eventually sanitized).  © adapted from Wikipedia.com

Recommended Media

Web Resources: Print

BIOGRAPHY: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brothers_GrimmBIOGRAPHY: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Brothers-GrimmOVERVIEW WITH RESOURCES (University of Pittsburgh): http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/grimm.htmlFIVE INTERESTING FACTS (Biography.com): https://www.biography.com/news/brothers-grimm-factsOVERVIEW: https://daily.jstor.org/the-fairytale-language-of-the-brothers-grimm/PSYCHOLOGY OF FAIRY TALES: https://newrepublic.com/article/126582/irresistible-psychology-fairy-talesIMPORTANCE (National Endowment for the Humanities): https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2015/marchapril/feature/how-the-grimm-brothers-saved-the-fairy-tale

Web Resources: Video

HOW WE UNDERSTAND FAIRYTALES (Ted Talk): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jit32hKZ-BM
PSYCHOLOGY OF FAIRYTALES (Ted Talk): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgsXkJKkqFk
CHARACTERISTICS OF FAIRY TALES (Oxford University Press): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LK1wn_Zzy_4

Rapunzel

Hansel & Gretel

Brave Little Tailor

Selected Timeline

© http://www.grimms.de/en/content/timeline

  Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm is born on January 4th in Hanau as son of the solicitor and town clerk Phillip Wilhelm Grimm and his wife Dorothea, née Zimmer.
  Wilhelm Carl Grimm is born on February 24th in Hanau.
  Ludwig Emil is born on March 14th in Hanau.
   The father becomes a magistrate in Steinau, the family Grimm moves from Hanau to the courthouse in Steinau.
   On January 10th their father dies of pneumonia at the age of 44. The family must leave the courthouse in Steinau.
   From October on Jacob and Wilhelm attend the boarding school “Lyceum Fridericianum” in Kassel in the care of their mother’s sister Henriette Philippine Zimmer. Their grandfather dies on November 22nd in Hanau.
   Jacob finishes high school and enrols in law school at the Hessian State University in Marburg on April 30th. His most important teacher will be the 24-year-old lawyer Friedrich Carl von Savigny, the future founder of Historical Law School in Germany.
   Wilhelm also attends law school in Marburg. 
   Jacob travels from Marburg to Paris as an assistant with his teacher Savigny at the end of January. The mother and siblings move from Steinau to Kassel 
   Jacob becomes a secretary at the Hessian war council in Kassel without having graduated from university. Wilhelm graduates from law school. Dismantling of the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation on August 6th and defeat of Prussia in the battle of Jena and Auerstedt on October 14th. Occupation of Kassel by French troops. Beginning of the Old German Studies and the research into tales and fairy tales.
   Jacob retires from office- Establishment of the “Kingdom of Westphalia” under Jerôme Bonaparte, Napoleon’s brother, with Kassel as its capital on August 18th. Acquaintance with the writer Achim von Arnim in Kassel; with him and his co-editor Clemens Brentano the Brothers Grimm work on the second and third volume of the collection “The Boy’s Magic Horn”. Beginning of the collection of tales and fairy tales and first publications of the Brothers Grimm.
   Their mother dies in Kassel at the age of 52 on May 20th. On July 5th Jerôme appoints Jacob librarian. Wilhelm is repeatedly ill and is unemployed until 1814
   Jacob becomes state auditor under Jerôme. Wilhelm goes for a cure in Halle and visits Achim von Arnim in Berlin and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Weimar. Ludwig Emil attends the Academy of Arts in Munich.
   Jacob saves the state library during a fire in the Castle of Kassel. The first independent books of the Brothers Grimm are published.
   First volume of the “Children’s and Household Tales” appear as the first joint publications of the Brothers Grimm.
   The first volume of the periodical “Old German Forests” by the Brothers Grimm appears.
   Jacob travels to Vienna in September and works there as a diplomat at the Viennese Congress. At the end of the year, the second volume of the Brother’s Grimm “Children’s and Household Tales” appears.
   The Germanic Confederation is founded in Vienna with the Confederation Act from June 9th. 
   On January 16th Jacob becomes deputy librarian at the Electoral library in Kassel. Wilhelm travels to Wiepersdorf and Weimar, Jacob makes a journey to Göttingen. The first part of the “German Legends” is published.
   The University of Marburg gives The Brothers Grimm an honourable doctorate. The second part of Jacob’s “German Grammar” and the second edition of the “Children’s and Household Tales” are published.
   Wilhelm travels to Frankfurt; his treatise “On German Runes” is published.
   The Brothers Grimm move into a flat at “Fünffensterstraße 7” in Kassel.
   In London, the first English edition of the Grimm’s fairy tales is published. It is translated by Edgar Taylor and illustrated by George Cruikshank.
   Wilhelm marries Dorothea Wild, a pharmacist’s daughter whom he knows from his youth, on May 15th. The “Small Edition” of the “Children’s and Household Tales”, illustrated by Ludwig Emil Grimm, is published.
   Wilhelm’s first son Jacob dies after his birth. 
  Wilhelm’s son Herman is born in Kassel on January 6th. 
   After the death of Ludwig Völkel, director of the library in Kassel, on January 31st the Brothers Grimm do not obtain the promotion they deserve and consequently accept a position offered at the University of Göttingen; on December 26th they move to Göttingen. Wilhelm’s major work “The German Legend” is published.
   The French July Revolution causes revolts all over Europe. On January 2nd Jacob and Wilhelm are inaugurated in their positions in Göttingen, Jacob as a librarian and professor and Wilhelm as a librarian. On January 19th, they move into the “Brothers Grimm House.” Wilhelm’s son Rudolf is born in Göttingen on March 31st.
   In Hesse, the state constitution comes into effect on January 5th. Wilhelm is appointed associate professor on February 19th. Wilhelm travels via Kassel and Fulda to a course of treatment in Wiesbaden. (also in 1832, 1833 and 1834)
   Wilhelm’s daughter Auguste is born in Göttingen on August 21st.
   Wilhelm becomes associate professor. Jacob’s “German Mythology“ is published.
   After the death of the English and Hanoverian King Wilhelm IV on June 20th , his brother Ernst August of Cumberland ascends the throne of Hanover and repeals the constitution of 1833. (Victoria becomes Queen of England.) On November 19th seven Göttingen professors protest against this act, Jacob and Wilhelm are among them. On December 4th, the case comes before the University courts and the “Göttingen Seven” are dismissed from state service. On December 12th Dahlmann, Jacob Grimm is expelled from Hanover. Jacob returns to Kassel on December 17th and lives with his brother Ludwig Emil.
 From January 12th to 16th Jacob writes his justification “On His Dismissal”, which is printed in Basel in April. Wilhelm returns to Kassel with his family in October. Salomon Hirzel, a publisher in Leipzig, makes a contract with the Brothers Grimm to work on the “German Dictionary”.
   Friedrich Wilhelm IV, Prussian King since June 7th, calls the Brothers Grimm to the Royal Academy for a meeting in November. In December, Jacob travels to Berlin.
   On March 14th the Brothers Grimm leave Kassel and travel to Berlin via Witzenhausen, Heiligenstadt, Halle and Potsdam. There, they move into a flat at “Leneéstraße 8”on March 24th. On March 15th the Prussian King welcomes them. Wilhelm journeys to Steinau and to the Rhine.
   Jacob obtains the Prussian medal “Pour le mérite”. Ludwig Emil’s first wife Marie dies on August 15th.
   Ludwig Emil visits the Brothers Grimm with his daughter Friederike in Berlin. Jacob travels to Italy.
   Jacob is honoured with the Prussian Red Eagle Medal on October 14th. At a birthday celebration for Wilhelm on February 24th , an incident occurs on account of the presence of the writer Hofmann von Fallersleben, who was dismissed by the Prussian King. Jacob travels to Denmark and Sweden.
   Brother Ferdinand dies in Wolfenbüttel on January 6th. Ludwig Emil marries his second wife Friederike Ernst, a daughter of Kassel’s superintendent Chr. Friedrich Wilhelm, on April 14th.
   The Brothers Grimm move to “Dorotheenstaße 47”. In Frankfurt the first assembly of scholars of German language and literature takes place with Jacob as chairman. Wilhelm talks about the “German Dictionary”. Jacob travels to Tübingen.
   Elector Wilhelm II dies on November 20th, his son Friedrich Wilhelm I. becomes the autocrat. The second assembly of Scholars of German language and literature takes place in Lübeck with Jacob as chairman. Jacob travels to Prague and Vienna.
   Revolutionary movements seize all parts of Europe, in Vienna there are major revolts on March 13th, in Berlin on the 18th. Jacob travels to the pre-parliamentarian assembly to Frankfurt am Main from March 29th to April 2nd; On May 19th he is elected representative by the Rhine-Prussian constituency and participates in the meetings of the First German National Assembly in the St. Paul’s Church in Frankfurt. Jacob’s “ History of the German Language” und “Wilhelm’s “Kassel commentaries” are published. Jacob quits his teaching profession.
   King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia turns down the offer to become emperor. Jacob takes part in congress of the “Party of little Germany” in Gotha.
   Jacob travels to Vienna, Wilhelm to Silesia.
   Brother Carl dies in Kassel on May 25th. Wilhelm quits his teaching profession. The first delivery of the “German Dictionary” is published.
   Jacob travels to the South of France and Italy; Wilhelm travels to the Rhine. The Bavarian “Maximilian medal” is awarded to Jacob.
  The first part of the “German Dictionary” is officially published.
   Deposition of Ludwig Hassenpflug in Kassel
   Jacob travels to Celle
   The last (seventh) of Wilhelm Grimm’s edited edition of the Children’s and Household Tales is published.
   Wilhelm’s son Herman marries Gisela von Arnim on October 25th. Wilhelm dies at the age of 73 in Berlin of complications from a carbuncle on December 16th and is laid to rest at Matthäi-Cemetery.
   Jacob gives his famous academy speeches, “On the Old Age” and “On Wilhelm Grimm”.
   Ludwig Emil dies at the age of 73 in Kassel on April 4th. Jacob travels to the Harz; He dies at the age of 78 after two following strokes on December 20th and is laid to rest next to his brother.

The Other Grimm Brother (Ludwig Emil)

•	LUDWIG GRIMM BIO: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Emil_Grimm •	OVERVIEW AS PAINTER: https://www.grimmwelt.de/en/journal/the-painter-brother-ludwig-emil-grimm •	SEARCH “Ludwig Emil Grimm Artwork) on GOOGLE and you will find numerous examples:  https://www.google.com/search?q=ludwig+emil+grimm+artwork 

Ludwig Emil Grimm self portrait 

Woman Praying

Farmer from Egern am Tegernsee 
with her two little girls

Cinderella

Red Riding Hood

Godfather Death

Jane Yollen: On Fairy Tales

(c) Adapted from: Jane Yolen, Favorite Folktales from Around the World (The Pantheon Fairy Tale and Folklore Library, 1988.)

“Tales are meant to be told.  This simple statement is correct both in the etymological sense—tale comes from the Anglo-Saxon talu, which means “speech”—and in a[n] historical sense. Story-telling, the oldest of the arts, has always been both an entertainment and a cultural necessity.”  (Campbell makes a similar point when he asserts that myths—about life and death, about our societal heritage, and the Nature around us—are necessary to give us a sense of reason and purpose.  Before there was science, there was myth.)
“The accumulated stories from the world’s many societies are a veritable Sears catalogue of people, places, events—and wonder.  Often, such tales are described as “cultural history,” as if they constituted a fixed body of lore. However, this is a fluid tradition that is as migratory as a winter bird, feeding as it goes from place to place and leaving something of itself behind.”  (We saw this when we studied how Babylonian tales like the Garden of Eden and The Flood became part of the Hebrew story-telling tradition.)
 “Basically there are three kinds of folk stories: the oral, the transcribed, and the literary or art tale.”
 “No two listeners hear exactly the same tale.  Each [person] brings something of [him or her]self to the story, and the story is then re-created between the teller and the listener, between the writer and the reader.”
“[Many tales] owe their settings, their archetypal characters, even bits of their magic to the past, but thematically they draw upon the century and the place in which they are written [. . . because] Authors are as rooted in society as their readers.”
Many old tales, like that of Cinderella, which can trace its roots back to ancient China, carry with it “over the miles and through the generations the bruises and brandishments and embraces of the societies in which [they] have dwelt.”  In that sense, then, stories are part of “history.”
 Many now believe that reading tales from many different cultures allows us to understand the “psychology” of other people and ourselves.  Carl Jung, Joseph Campbell, and Marie von Franz focused on the common archetypes that we find in all stories from around the world.  Freudian scientists like Bruno Bettelheim in The Uses of Enchantment “said that folk stories were not only a record of emotions carried through centuries, but were actually part of a child’s rehearsals for adult life,” (which is why fairy stories and folk tales ring so true for adult hearers, viewers, and readers.)
“Storytelling is a personal art that makes public what is private and makes private what is public.”

Max Luthi: "The Fairy Tale Hero"

(c)  Adapted from: Max Luthi, Once Upon a Time: On the Nature of Fairy Tales (Indian University Press, 1976.)

1.	Even when they are animals, characters in most European fairy stories are really tales about human beings, specifically men/males.2.	In the fairy tale all things are possible, thus fulfilling the psychological wishes of the tale’s tellers.  (A poor man can become rich; a repressed people can become free, etc.)3.	The focal point of a folk tale is this: man’s deliverance from an unauthentic existence and his commencement of a true one.  Thus, in general, one can say that the fairy tale depicts the process of development and maturation.4.	It may well be, as some psychologists suggest, that the union or friendship between opposites—like a princess and a toad, a beauty and a beast—are images for the union of disparities in the human soul—what is commonly called “integration” in psychological terms.5.	The fairy-tale hero is essentially a wanderer, going out “into the world.”6.	Very often the other worldly beings that the hero encounters interest him only as helpers or as opponents.  Very often heroes are not observing and fearful beings, but moving and active.7.	Fairy-tales certainly do not originate among simple (minded) folk but with great poets—the “initiated” or religious (class).8.	The fairy tale sees man as one who is essentially isolated, but who, for just this reason—because he is not rigidly committed, not tied down—can establish relationships with anything in the world.  (In other words, the isolation of a Fairy tale hero can become a “plus factor.” 9.	Every type of fairy tale portrays events which can safely be interpreted as images for psychological (and cosmic) processes.10.	Folk and fairytales are an archetypal form of literature which helps lay the groundwork for all literature and art.  

Myths, Legends, Folk Tales

DIVINE MYTH:		1. A story; an account of something		2. Part of an oral tradition; constant change and transformations		3.  Long ago—often far away		4.  Anonymous		5.  The principle characters of a myth are usually supernatural beings or supernaturally endowed humans.		6. Myths often become the basis for religions or cults.		7 Etiological Myths explain the cause for things; a kind of early “science.”		8. Archeology is important to the study of myths—the study of ancient civilizations, their day-to-day lives, their beliefs.		9. Mythology is an attempt to explain that which cannot be readily explained—it is humankind’s first attempt at SCIENCE. (Today we understand that true science is based on fact and empirical evidence, the evidence of fact finding.) 

LEGENDS [SAGAS]:		1. The principle characters ar human heroes/heroines		2.  Always a basis in some aspect of real human history; usually the past.		3.  Tend to be drawn from nobility or aristocracy (though humble origins may figure into the narrative.)		4. Usually full of hyperbole.		5. Legends are an attempt to create an historical basis for someone or something, an attempt to create a HISTORY for a group.  

FOLK/FAIRY TALES, FABLES:		1.  Ordinary people or animals (Beast Fables)		2.  Ordinary people interacting with nobility, monsters, or God/supernatural powers.		3.  Entertain/teach; often justify customary patterns of behavior.		4. 	a. Aesop; Greek 6th Century BC			b. Arabian Nights			c.  Grimm Brothers			d.  The literary tale: Hans Christian Anderson, Alice in Wonderland, the Oz books.		5.  Characters often overcome great obstacles.		6. Usually full of types: The abused child, the evil stepmother, the witch, the Cinderella type, etc.		NOTE: It is important to realize that the lines between these three categories are not solid; some myths have fairytale elements (i.e. the animals in The Odyssey that are transformed humans), some legends have mythic elements (most medieval legends have a strong emphasis on divine intervention), and some fairytales have both mythic and legendary aspects to them (a film like Field of Dreams is a classic example).

Sleeping Beauty

Snow White

Rumpelstiltskin

Nine Folk Tales

Grimms' Fairy Tales, originally known as the Children's and Household Tales (German: Kinder- und Hausmärchen), is a German collection of fairy tales by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm first published in December of 1812. The first edition contained 86 stories; the seventh edition published in 1857 had 210 unique stories.  (c) Adapted from Wikipedia

1.	RAPUNZEL
The Grimms' immediate source of "Rapunzel" was a story published by Friedrich Schultz (1762-98) in his Kleine Romane, v. 5 (Leipzig, 1790), pp. 269-88. The brothers rightly saw in Schultz's printed story a tale with a long and widespread oral tradition.

2.	HANSEL AND GRETEL
Although Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm credited "various tales from Hesse" (the region where they lived) as their source, scholars have argued that the brothers heard the story in 1809 from the family of Wilhelm's friend and future wife, Dortchen Wild, and partly from other sources. According to folklorist Jack Zipes, the tale emerged in the Late Middle Ages (1250–1500). Shortly after this period, close written variants like Martin Montanus' Gartengesellschaft (1590) began to appear. Scholar Christine Goldberg argues that the episode of the paths marked with stones and crumbs, already found in the French "Finette Cendron" and "Hop-o'-My-Thumb" (1697), represents "an elaboration of the motif of the thread that Ariadne gives Theseus to use to get out of the Minoan labyrinth". A house made of confectionery is also found in a 14th-century manuscript about the Land of Cockayne.

3.	VALIANT LITTLE TAILOR
The Brothers Grimm published this tale in the first edition of Kinder- und Hausmärchen in 1812, based on various oral and printed sources, including Der Wegkürzer (ca. 1557) by Martinus Montanus. A version of this tale was included in the Grimms' manuscript collection of 1810 and in all published editions from the first (1812) onward. As was the case with many of their tales, the Grimms (primarily Wilhelm) substantially changed this tale with the second edition (1819).

4.	CINDERELLA
The Grimms' source: Dorothea Viehmann (1755-1815), and other sources.
This tale, in a different version, was included in the first edition of Kinder- und Hausmärchen (1812). It was substantially revised for the second edition (1819). That version is much more violent than that of Charles Perrault and Disney, in that Cinderella's father has not died and the two stepsisters mutilate their feet to fit in the golden slipper. There is no fairy godmother in the Brothers Grimm version, but rather help comes from a wishing tree that the heroine planted on her deceased mother's grave when she recites a certain chant. In the second edition of their collection (1819), the Brothers Grimm supplemented the original 1812 version with a coda in which the two stepsisters suffer a bloody and terrible punishment by the princess Cinderella for their cruelty.

5.	LITTLE RED RIDING-HOOD
The Grimms' source for the first variant (the main story) was Jeanette Hassenpflug (1791-1860). Marie Hassenpflug (1788-1856) provided them with the second variant, introduced with the sentence "They also tell how Little Red Cap was taking some baked things to her grandmother another time...". The brothers turned the first version to the main body of the story and the second into a sequel of it. The story as Rotkäppchen was included in the first edition of their collection Kinder- und Hausmärchen 

6.	GODFATHER DEATH
Marie Elisabeth Wild (1794-1867) is the source. This tale was included in the first edition of the Grimms' Kinder- und Hausmärchen. However, in the first edition, the story ends with the physician being shown the life-lights of people on earth. The second edition includes the part of Death pretending to light the candle and failing on purpose, thus killing the physician.

7.	SLEEPING BEAUTY
Early contributions to the tale include the medieval courtly romance Perceforest (published in 1528). In this tale, a princess named Zellandine falls in love with a man named Troylus. Her father sends him to perform tasks to prove himself worthy of her, and while he is gone, Zellandine falls into an enchanted sleep. Troylus finds her and impregnates her in her sleep; when their child is born, the child draws from her finger the flax that caused her sleep. She realizes from the ring Troylus left her that he was the father, and Troylus later returns to marry her. The second part of the Sleeping Beauty tale, in which the princess and her children are almost put to death but instead are hidden, may have been influenced by Genevieve of Brabant. Even earlier influences come from the story of the sleeping Brynhild in the Volsunga saga and the tribulations of saintly female martyrs in early Christian hagiography conventions. Following these early renditions, the tale was first published by Italian poet Giambattista Basile who lived from 1575 to 1632. The Brothers Grimm included a variant of Sleeping Beauty, Little Briar Rose, in their collection (1812). Their version ends when the prince arrives to wake Sleeping Beauty (named Rosamund) and does not include the second part as found in Basile's and Perrault's versions.

8.	SNOW WHITE AND THE SEVEN DWARFS
The Grimms' source: Marie Hassenpflug (1788-1856) and other informants. The Brothers Grimm published Snow White in 1812 in the first edition of their collection as Tale 53. The original German title was Sneewittchen, a Low German form, but the first version from 1812 gave the High German translation Schneeweißchen, and the tale has since become known in German by the mixed form Schneewittchen. The Grimms completed their final revision of the story in 1854. The fairy tale features such elements as the magic mirror, the poisoned apple, the glass coffin, and the characters of the Evil Queen and the Seven Dwarfs.

9.	RUMPLESTILTSKIN
The Grimms' source: Henriette Dorothea (Dortchen) Wild (1795-1867), and other sources. The Grimms included this tale, in a simpler version, in the first edition of their Kinder- und Hausmärchen. In the 1812 edition, Rumpelstiltskin then "ran away angrily, and never came back." The ending was revised in an 1857 edition to a more gruesome ending wherein Rumpelstiltskin "in his rage drove his right foot so far into the ground that it sank in up to his waist; then in a passion he seized the left foot with both hands and tore himself in two." Other versions have Rumpelstiltskin driving his right foot so far into the ground that he creates a chasm and falls into it, never to be seen again. In the oral version originally collected by the Brothers Grimm, Rumpelstiltskin flies out of the window on a cooking ladle.
	
(c) Adapted from Wikipedia

Grim(m) Tales

Overview

Recommended Media

Web Resources: Print

Web Resources: Video

Rapunzel

Hansel & Gretel

Brave Little Tailor

Selected Timeline

The Other Grimm Brother (Ludwig Emil)

Cinderella

Red Riding Hood

Godfather Death

Jane Yollen: On Fairy Tales

Max Luthi: "The Fairy Tale Hero"

Myths, Legends, Folk Tales

Sleeping Beauty

Snow White

Rumpelstiltskin

Nine Folk Tales