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DISCLAIMER:  I am a proud Tour Guide/Docent at the AMNH.  The opinions, images, and links on my website do not represent the Museum in any official capacity.  My website pages are a personal labor of love.  They represent a life-long interest in the natural sciences and in a Museum that has been the foundation for a lifetime of learning.  I urge you to visit the American Museum of Natural History’s website for further information about exhibitions and the sciences: www.amnh.org.
EARLY MAMMALS TO 10,000 BCE
click on pictures for larger images

OVERVIEW: ASPECTS OF THE HISTORY OF MAMMALS

EVOLUTION OF MAMMALS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_mammals

THE FIRST MAMMALS: https://www.thoughtco.com/the-first-mammals-1093311

THE RISE OF MAMMALS: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/03/1/l_031_01.html

THERAPSIDS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapsid

CYNODONTS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynodont

TEN EXTINCT NORTH AMERICAN MAMMALS: https://www.livescience.com/51793-extinct-ice-age-megafauna.html

PREHISTORIC MEGAFAUNA: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocene_megafauna

EXTINCTION EVENTS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_extinction_event

NOVA “END OF THE BIG BEASTS”:  http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/end-big-beasts.html
 
SOME EARLY MAMMAL ANCESTORS:
  • DIMETRODON (PBS EON series): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SR3OOP9mImI
  • DIMETRODON (Smithsonian Magazine): https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-dimetrodon-in-your-family-tree-54302176/
  • DIMETRODON: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrodon
  • MOSCHOPS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moschops
  • MOSCHOPS: http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/m/moschops.html
  • PLACERIAS: http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/p/placerias.html
  • DICYNODON: http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/d/dicynodon.html
Dimetrodon
Moschops
Early Synapsids
 

SOME EARLY PLACENTAL MAMMALS:

  • GLYPTODON (Panochthus): http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/g/glyptodon.html
  • GLYPTODONTS (species): https://www.amnh.org/about-the-museum/press-center/mysterious-extinct-glyptodonts-are-actually-gigantic-armadillos
  • SMILODON: http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/s/smilodon.html
  • SMILODON (UC @ Berkeley): http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/mammal/carnivora/sabretooth.html
  • CAVE BEAR (Ursus spelaeus): http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/u/ursus-spelaeus-cave-bear.html
  • CAVE BEAR (video overview): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTGBZ4lSHfk
  • MEGATHERIUM: http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/m/megatherium.html
PANOCHTHUS
SMILODON
GIANT GROUND SLOTH (MEGATHERIUM)
 

SOME EARLY EXTINCT MAMMALS:

  • NURALAGUS (Giant Rabbit): http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/n/nuralagus.html
  • NOTHARCTUS (early primate): http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/n/notharctus.html
  • ICARONYCTERIS (early bat): http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/i/icaronycteris.html
NURALGUS REX
NOTHARCTUS
ICARONYCTERIS
 

EXAMPLES OF PERISSODACTYLS (odd number) AND ARTIODACTYLS (even number):

  • UNGULATES: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungulate
  • PERISSODACTYLS: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/mammal/mesaxonia/perissodactyla.html
  • EVOLUTION OF HORSES (Perissodactyl): https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/horse/the-evolution-of-horses/
  • EVOLUTION OF HORSES: http://chem.tufts.edu/science/evolution/horseevolution.htm
  • DINOHIPPUS: http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/d/dinohippus.html
  • ARTIDACTYLS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Even-toed_ungulate
  • MEGALOCEROS: http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/m/megaloceros.html
  • MEGALOCEROS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_elk
  • PREHISTORIC CAMELS OF NORTH AMERICA: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/whatever-happened-wild-camels-american-west-180956176/
  • NORTH AMERICAN CAMELS: https://www.historicmysteries.com/camelops-north-american-camel/
  • POEBROTHERIUM: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poebrotherium 
  • MEGACEROPS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megacerops
  • MEGACEROPS: http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/m/megacerops.html
DINOHIPPUS
MEGALOCEROS
POEBROTHERIUM
MEGACEROPS
 

SOUTH AMERICAN HOOFED MAMMALS:

  • NOTOUNGULATES: https://dcpaleo.org/notoungulata/
  • LITOPTERNS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litopterna
  • CONVERGENT EVOLUTION: https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/convergent_evolution.htm
  • PARALLEL EVOLUTION: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_evolution
  • DIVERGENT EVOLUTION: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergent_evolution
  • TOXODON: http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/t/toxodon.html
  • MACRAUCHENIA: http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/m/macrauchenia.html
  • THEOSODON: http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/t/theosodon.html
  • DIADIAPHORUS: http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/d/diadiaphorus.html
TOXODON
DIVERGENT, CONVERGENT, PARALLEL EVOLUTION
LITOPTERNS: (1. Macrauchenia 2. Theosodon 3. Diadiaphorus)
 

CETACEANS:

 

  • HISTORY OF CETACEANS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_cetaceans
  • HISTORY OF CETACEANS: https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evograms_03
  • PAKICETUS: http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/p/pakicetus.html
  • RODHOCETUS: http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/r/rodhocetus.html
  • DORUDON: http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/d/dorudon.html
EVOLUTIONARY ROOTS from Pakicetus
PAKICETUS
RODHOCETUS
DORUDON
 

   ELEPHANT ANCESTORS:

  • ELEPHANT EVOLUTION: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/mammal/mesaxonia/elephantidae.php
  • ELEPHANT EVOLUTION: https://www.q-files.com/prehistoric/age-of-mammals/evolution-of-elephants/
  • GOMPHOTHERIUM: http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/g/gomphotherium.html
  • AMERICAN MASTODON: http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/m/mammut.html
  • MAMMOTH:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammoth
GOMPHOTHERIUM
AMERICAN MASTODON
MAMMOTH
MAMMOTH (left) vs. MASTODON (right)
 

CHARLES R. KNIGHT (1874--1953), paleoartist:

  • CHARLES KNIGHT: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_R._Knight
  • BIOSKETCH: http://www.charlesrknight.com/Biography.htm
  • CHARLES KNIGHT AT THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY: http://www.charlesrknight.com/AMNH.htm
  • CHARLES KNIGHT (AMNH ARCHIVES): http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/artwork/knight/
  • PHOTO ARCHIVES FROM THE FIELD MUSEUM (Chicago): https://www.fieldmuseum.org/node/5071
  • SMITHSONIAN MAGAZINE: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/charles-r-knights-prehistoric-visions-16099537/

DISCLAIMER:  I am a proud Tour Guide/Docent at the AMNH.  The opinions, images, and links on my website do not represent the Museum in any official capacity.  My website pages are a personal labor of love.  They represent a life-long interest in the natural sciences and in a Museum that has been the foundation for a lifetime of learning.  I urge you to visit the American Museum of Natural History’s website for further information about exhibitions and the sciences: www.amnh.org.


CONTACT:  MakingWings@gmail.com